XYB-DS-202204 隐性知识在概念设计阶段的演进机制研究

发布时间：2022-04-20

摘要：设计是一个知识流动 、集成 、竞争和进化的过程 ,包含了显性知识和隐性知识 。显性知识可以用文字、符号等多种形式表达 。但隐性知识则存储于人脑中,难以显性表达 。隐性知识显化需要经过人脑的认知加工 ,与设计师的认知能力、文化背景、 知识水平 、学习风格 、任务频率以及任务类型等有关。这些因素增加了隐性知识显化复杂度 。概念设计阶段指概念设计到首版概念方案冻结 ,它离不开设计师自身的隐性知识 ,冻结方案多以设计草图结合适量的文本输出，其深化往往基于首版冻结方案 。概念设计阶段的隐性知识 “识别-使用-重用-进化 ”对首版方案生成具有不可替代的作用 。但目前对该阶段的隐性知识显化及其重用还没有形成一套系统完各的方法 。因此,本课题研究概念设计阶段的隐性知识语义特征、属性分类和层次化结构，以及隐性知识在该阶段的显化指标与权重，构建隐形知识在概念设计阶段的演化机制模型。研究工作对概念设计阶段的隐性知识识别一提取一重用一进化 ,提供了一种可行的方法和路径 。

Design is a process of knowledge flow,integration,competition and evolution,including explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge.Explicit knowledge can be expressed in many forms,such as words and symbols.But tacit knowledge is stored in the human brain, difficult to express.Its manifestation needs to be processed by human brain,which is related to the designer's cognitive ability,cultural background,knowledge level,learning style,task frequency and task type.These increase the complexity of tacit knowledge manifestation.Conceptual design stage refers to the freezing of conceptual design from the first version of the conceptual scheme.This stage is inseparable from the designer's own tacit knowledge.Freezing schemes are mostly based on design sketches combined with an appropriate amount of text output,and their deepening is often based on the first version of freezing schemes.The knowledge of "identification -use -reuse -evolution" in the conceptual design stage plays an irreplaceable role in the generation of the first-version scheme.But at present,there is no systematic method to manifest and reuse tacit knowledge in this stage.Therefore,this paper studies the semantic characteristics, attribute classification and hierarchical structure of tacit knowledge in the stage of conceptual design,as well as the explicit index and weight of tacit knowledge in this stage,and constructs the evolution mechanism model of tacit knowledge in the stage of conceptual design.The research provides a feasible method and path for the recognition, extraction,reuse and evolution of tacit knowledge in the conceptual design stage.

关键词：设计知识, 隐性知识, 设计科学, 知识重用, 概念设计

Design knowledge, tacit knowledge, design science, knowledge reuse, conceptual design